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 Home Page > Monuments > Pnyx
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The Pnyx is located on a hill west of the Acropolis, right across the Aeropagus. Being the meeting place for the Ecclesiae of the Demos - the Assembly of the Athenians that made all the important decisions - it is a monument of great importance for the history of Greece. This is where democracy was conceived and realized for the first time. The fact that it was also a place of worship dedicated to the cult of Zeus Agoraios, protector of the constitution, wasn’t just mere coincidence. The Ecclesiae of the Demos met ten times a year. The head of the rectors presided over all the meetings with the help of a secretary and a herald, who made all the announcements. In the 5th century B.C. the public used to sit on the rocks and later on wooden benches. The lowest level of the bema (podium) was meant for the rectors responsible for preserving the order with the help of a few armed guards. This bema was used by many great men and orators who wished to address the public. The speakers included Themistocles, Pericles, Alcebiades and Demosthenes.
There are three construction phases traced within the monument. During the first, that dates back to the early years of the Athenian Democracy (around 500 B.C.), the monument could seat about 5.000 people. The bema was placed north of the cavea and the spectators were facing the Agora and the Aeropagus. During the second construction phase that dates back to 400 B.C., the bema was moved to the northwest and a retaining wall was built on the north side with two stairway approaches on the Agora side. This way the capacity of the monument was increased and it could now sit 6000 people.
During the third phase, which chronologically coincides with the ambitious construction program of Lycourgos (330-326 B.C.), the capacity of the cavea was increased by 7.500 people with the addition of the new monumental retaining wall. The bema, which is preserved to this day, was right across the entrance, chiselled on the natural rock, and consisted of three levels. The monument was abandoned at the end of the 4th century B.C. when the meetings of the Ecclesiae of the Demos were transferred to the Theatre of Dionysus on the south slope of the Acropolis.

Temple of Zeus Olympios | Hadrian's Library | Theater of Dionysus | Aeropagus (Areios Pagos) | Philopappos Monument | Hadrian's Arch | Sanctuary of Poseidon at Sounion | Roman Agora | Odeion of Herodes Atticus | Tower of the Winds | Choregic Monument of Lysikrates | Church of Agios (Saint) Demetrios (Thessalonica) | White Tower | Rotunda of Thessalonica
 
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